The three waveforms below are taken from the #1 and #4
injectors. The top waveform is from the high side (feed side) of the #1
and #4 injectors, while the middle waveform is from the low side (ground
side) of the #1 injector and the bottom waveform is from the low side
of the #4 injector.
The middle waveform is the same as the top waveform because
there is no ground for the circuit. With no current flowing in the
circuit, the #1 injector is not energized and fuel does not flow.
The bottom waveform shows that ground is supplied and there
is a voltage drop across the #4 injector. With current flowing in the
circuit, the #4 injector is energized and fuel flows.
Knock Sensor (KS): Description and Operation
Description
Knocking is a phenomenon characterized by undesirable
vibration and noise and can cause engine damage. Knock Sensor (KS) is
installed on the cylinder block and senses engine knockin ...
Oil Seal: Repair procedures
Replacement
[Right side]
1.
Remove the driveshaft assembly. (RH side)
(Refer to "Front Driveshaft" in Driveshaft and axle)
2.
Remove the dust cover (A).
3.
Remove the oil seal (A, B).
...