The three waveforms below are taken from the #1 and #4
injectors. The top waveform is from the high side (feed side) of the #1
and #4 injectors, while the middle waveform is from the low side (ground
side) of the #1 injector and the bottom waveform is from the low side
of the #4 injector.
The middle waveform is the same as the top waveform because
there is no ground for the circuit. With no current flowing in the
circuit, the #1 injector is not energized and fuel does not flow.
The bottom waveform shows that ground is supplied and there
is a voltage drop across the #4 injector. With current flowing in the
circuit, the #4 injector is energized and fuel flows.
Smooth cornering
Avoid braking or gear changing in corners, especially when roads are wet. Ideally,
corners should always be taken under gentle acceleration. If you follow these suggestions,
tire wear will be he ...
Battery Sensor: Description and Operation
Description
Vehicles have many control units that use more electricity.
These units control their own system based on information from diverse
sensors. It is important to have a stable power su ...