Specifications |
Description | Specifications | Limit | |
General | |||
Type | In-line, DOHC | ? | |
Number of cylinders | 4 | ? | |
Bore | 86mm (3.385in.) | ? | |
Stroke | 86mm (3.385in.) | ? | |
Total displacement | 1998cc (121.92cu.in) | ? | |
Compression ratio | 9.5 ± 0.3 : 1 | ? | |
Firing order | 1-3-4-2 | ? | |
Valve timing | |||
Intake valve | Opens (ATDC/BTDC) | ATDC 7° ~ BTDC 38° | ? |
Closes (ABDC) | ABDC 67° ~ 22° | ? | |
Exhaust valve | Opens (BBDC) | BBDC 44° ~ 4° | ? |
Closes (BTDC) | ATDC 0° ~ 40° | ? | |
Valve clearance [Engine coolant temperature : 20°C (68°F)] | |||
Intake valve | 0.17 ~ 0.23mm (0.0067 ~ 0.0090in.) | ||
Exhaust valve | 0.32 ~ 0.38mm (0.0126 ~ 0.0150 in.) | ||
Camshaft | |||
Cam height | Intake | 44.2mm (1.7401in.) | ? |
Exhaust | 45.0mm (1.7716in.) | ? | |
Journal outer diameter | Intake | No.1 : ?nbsp; 30mm (1.1811in.) No.2,3,4,5 : ?nbsp; 24mm (0.9449in.) | ? |
Exhaust | No.1 : ?nbsp; 36mm (1.4173in.) No.2,3,4,5 : ?nbsp; 24mm (0.9449in.) | ? | |
Bearing oil clearance | Intake | No.1 : 0.022 ~ 0.057mm (0.00087 ~ 0.00224in.) No.2,3,4,5 : 0.045 ~ 0.082mm (0.00177 ~ 0.00323in.) | No.1 : 0.090mm (0.00354in.) No.2,3,4,5 : 0.120mm (0.00472in.) |
Exhaust | No.1 : 0 ~ 0.032mm (0 ~ 0.00126in.) No.2,3,4,5 : 0.045 ~ 0.082mm (0.00177 ~ 0.00323in.) | ||
End play | 0.04 ~ 0.16mm (0.0016 ~ 0.0063in.) | 0.20mm (0.0078in.) | |
Valve | |||
Valve length | Intake | 113.18mm (4.4559in.) | 112.93mm (4.4461in) |
Exhaust | 105.84mm (4.1669in.) | 105.59mm (4.1571in) | |
Stem outer diameter | Intake | 5.465 ~ 5.480mm (0.21516 ~ 0.21575in.) | ? |
Exhaust | 5.458 ~ 5.470mm (0.21488 ~ 0.21535in.) | ? | |
Face angle | 45.25° ~ 45.75° | ? | |
Thickness of valve head (margin) | Intake | 1.02mm (0.0401in.) | ? |
Exhaust | 1.09mm (0.0429in.) | ? | |
Valve stem to valve guide clearance | Intake | 0.020 ~ 0.047mm (0.00078 ~ 0.00185in.) | 0.070mm (0.00275in.) |
Exhaust | 0.030 ~ 0.054mm (0.00118 ~ 0.00212in.) | 0.090mm (0.00354in.) | |
MLA outer diameter | 31.964 ~ 31.980mm (1.2584 ~ 1.2590in.) | ? | |
Tappet bore inner diameter | 32.000 ~ 32.025mm (1.2598 ~ 1.2608in.) | ? | |
MLA to tappet bore clearance | 0.020 ~ 0.061mm (0.00078 ~ 0.00240in.) | 0.070mm (0.00275in.) | |
Valve guide | |||
Length | Intake | 43.8 ~ 44.2mm (1.7244 ~ 1.7401in.) | ? |
Exhaust | 43.8 ~ 44.2mm (1.7244 ~ 1.7401in.) | ? | |
Inner diameter | Intake | 5.500 ~ 5.512mm (0.21654 ~ 0.21701in.) | |
Exhaust | 5.500 ~ 5.512mm (0.21654 ~ 0.21701in.) | ||
Valve seat | |||
Width of seat contact | Intake | 1.16 ~ 1.46mm (0.0457 ~ 0.0575in.) | ? |
Exhaust | 1.35 ~ 1.65mm (0.0531 ~ 0.0649in.) | ? | |
Seat angle | Intake | 44.75° ~ 45.10° | ? |
Exhaust | 44.75° ~ 45.10° | ? | |
Valve spring | |||
Free length | 47.44mm (1.8677in.) | ? | |
Load | 19.0 ± 0.6kg/35.0mm (41.88 ± 1.32lb/1.3779in 39.8 ± 1.2kg/26.0mm (87.74 ± 2.64lb/1.0236in.) | ? | |
Out of squareness | Less than 1.5° | ? | |
Cylinder head | |||
Flatness of gasket surface | Less than 0.05mm (0.0019in.) for total area Less than 0.02mm (0.0007in.) for a section of 100mm (3.9370in.)?100mm (3.9370in.) | ? | |
Flatness of manifold mounting surface | Intake | Less than 0.10mm (0.0039in.) | ? |
Exhaust | Less than 0.10mm (0.0039in.) | ? | |
Piston | |||
Piston outer diameter | 85.970 ~ 86.000mm (3.3846 ~ 3.3858 in) | ? | |
Piston to cylinder clearance | 0.020 ~ 0.040mm (0.00079 ~ 0.00157in.) | ? | |
Ring groove width | No. 1 ring | 1.235 ~ 1.250mm (0.04862 ~ 0.04921in.) | 1.260mm (0.04961in.) |
No. 2 ring | 1.230 ~ 1.250mm (0.04843 ~ 0.04921in.) | 1.260mm (0.04961in.) | |
Oil ring | 2.010 ~ 2.025mm (0.07913 ~ 0.07972in.) | 2.050mm (0.08071in.) | |
Piston ring | |||
Side clearance | No. 1 ring | 0.050 ~ 0.080mm (0.00197 ~ 0.00315in.) | 0.100mm (0.00394in.) |
No. 2 ring | 0.040 ~ 0.080mm (0.00157 ~ 0.00315in.) | 0.100mm (0.00394in.) | |
Oil ring | 0.020 ~ 0.055mm (0.00079 ~ 0.00217in.) | 0.100mm (0.00394in.) | |
End gap | No. 1 ring | 0.15 ~ 0.30mm (0.0059 ~ 0.0118in.) | 0.60mm (0.0236in.) |
No. 2 ring | 0.37 ~ 0.52mm (0.0145 ~ 0.0204in.) | 0.70mm (0.0275in.) | |
Oil ring | 0.20 ~ 0.50mm (0.0079 ~ 0.0197in.) | 0.80mm (0.0315in.) | |
Piston pin | |||
Piston pin outer diameter | 21.997 ~ 22.000mm (0.86602 ~ 0.86614in.) | ? | |
Piston pin hole inner diameter | 22.003 ~ 22.007mm (0.86626 ~ 0.86642in.) | ? | |
Piston pin hole clearance | 0.003 ~ 0.010mm (0.00012 ~ 0.00039in.) | ? | |
Connecting rod small end hole inner diameter | 22.005 ~ 22.011mm (0.86634 ~ 0.86657in.) | ? | |
Piston pin-to-connecting rod interference | 0.005 ~ 0.014mm (0.00020 ~ 0.00055in.) | ? | |
Connecting rod | |||
Connecting rod big end inner diameter | 51.000 ~ 51.018mm (2.00787 ~ 2.00858in.) | ? | |
Connecting rod bearing oil clearance | 0.031 ~ 0.045mm (0.00122 ~ 0.00177in.) | 0.050mm ( 0.00197in.) | |
Side clearance | 0.10 ~ 0.25mm (0.0039 ~ 0.0098in.) | 0.35mm (0.0138in.) | |
Crankshaft | |||
Main journal outer diameter | 51.942 ~ 51.960mm (2.04496 ~ 2.04567in.) | ? | |
Pin journal outer diameter | 47.954 ~ 47.972mm (1.88795 ~ 1.88866in.) | ? | |
Main bearing oil clearance | 0.020 ~ 0.038mm (0.00079 ~ 0.00150in.) | 0.100mm (0.00394in.) | |
End play | 0.07 ~ 0.25mm (0.0028 ~ 0.0098in.) | 0.30mm (0.0118in.) | |
Cylinder block | |||
Cylinder bore | 86.00 ~ 86.03mm (3.3858 ~ 3.3870in.) | ? | |
Flatness of gasket surface | Less than 0.05mm (0.0019in.) for total area Less than 0.02mm (0.0007in.) for a section of 100mm (3.9370in.)?100mm (3.9370in.) | ? | |
Engine oil | |||
Oil quantity | Total | 5.5 L (1.45 U.S.gal., 5.81 U.S.qt., 4.84 lmp.qt.) | When replacing a short engine or block assembly |
Oil pan | 4.2 L (1.11 U.S.gal., 4.44 U.S.qt., 3.70 lmp.qt.) | ? | |
Drain and refill | 4.6 L (1.22 U.S.gal., 4.86 U.S.qt., 4.05 lmp.qt.) | Including oil filter | |
Oil grade | Recommendation | 5W-30 ACEA A5 | If not abailable, refer to the recommended API or ILSAC or ACEA clasification and SAE viscosity number |
Classification | API SL, SM or above ILSAC GF3, GF4 or above ACEA A3 or A5 | Satisfy the requirement of the API or ILSAC or ACEA clasification | |
SAE viscosity grade | Recommended SAE viscosity number | Refer to the "Lubrication System". | |
Oil pressure (at 1,000rpm) | 117.68kPa (1.2kgf/cm?, 17.07psi) or above | Oil temperature (oil pan): 110±2°C (230±35.6°F) | |
Cooling system | |||
Cooling method | Forced circulation with cooling fan | ? | |
Coolant quantity | 6.7 ~ 6.8L (1.77 ~ 1.80 U.S.gal., 7.08 ~ 7.19 U.S.qt., 5.90 ~ 5.98 lmp.qt. ) | ? | |
Thermostat | Type | Wax pellet type | ? |
Opening temperature | 82±1.5°C (179.6±2.7°F) | ? | |
Full opening valve lift/temperature | More than 8mm (0.3in.) / 95°C (203°F) | ? | |
Radiator cap | Main valve opening pressure | 93.16 ~ 122.58 kPa (0.95 ~ 1.25kgf/cm?, 13.51 ~ 17.78psi) | ? |
Vacuum valve opening pressure | 0 ~ 6.86 kPa (0 ~ 0.07kgf/cm?, 0 ~ 0.99psi) | ? |
Item | Quantity | N.m | kgf.m | lb-ft |
Engine mounting | ||||
Engine mounting bracket to body fixing bolt | 2 | 49.0 ~ 63.7 | 5.0 ~ 6.5 | 36.2 ~ 47.0 |
Engine mounting bracket to body fixing nut | 1 | 49.0 ~ 63.7 | 5.0 ~ 6.5 | 36.2 ~ 47.0 |
Engine mounting insulator to engine mounting support bracket fixing nut | 1 | 78.5 ~ 98.1 | 8.0 ~ 10.0 | 57.9 ~ 72.3 |
Engine mounting support bracket to timing chain cover fixing bolt | 1 | 78.5 ~ 98.1 | 8.0 ~ 10.0 | 57.9 ~ 72.3 |
Engine mounting support bracket to timing chain cover fixing nut | 2 | 78.5 ~ 98.1 | 8.0 ~ 10.0 | 57.9 ~ 72.3 |
Transaxle mounting bracket to body fixing bolt | 2 | 49.0 ~ 63.7 | 5.0 ~ 6.5 | 36.2 ~ 47.0 |
Transaxle mounting bracket to body fixing nut | 1 | 49.0 ~ 63.7 | 5.0 ~ 6.5 | 36.2 ~ 47.0 |
Transaxle mounting bracket to transaxle fixing bolt | 3 | 88.3 ~ 107.9 | 9.0 ~ 11.0 | 65.1 ~ 79.6 |
Roll rod bracket to sub frame fixing bolt | 2 | 49.0 ~ 63.7 | 5.0 ~ 6.5 | 36.2 ~ 47.0 |
Roll rod insulator to roll rod mounting support bracket fixing nut | 1 | 107.9 ~ 127.5 | 11.0 ~ 13.0 | 79.6 ~ 94.0 |
Timing system | ||||
Idler bolt | 2 | 53.9 ~ 63.7 | 5.5 ~ 6.5 | 39.7 ~ 47.0 |
Drive belt tensioner pulley bolt | 1 | 53.9 ~ 63.7 | 5.5 ~ 6.5 | 39.7 ~ 47.0 |
Drive belt tensioner bolt | 1 | 53.9 ~ 63.7 | 5.5 ~ 6.5 | 39.7 ~ 47.0 |
Crankshaft pulley bolt | 1 | 166.6 ~ 176.4 | 17.0 ~ 18.0 | 122.9 ~ 130.1 |
Timing chain cover service hole bolt | 1 | 11.8 ~ 14.7 | 1.2 ~ 1.5 | 8.7 ~ 10.8 |
Timing chain cover bolt (M6?25) | 7 | 7.8 ~ 9.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.0 | 5.8 ~ 7.2 |
Timing chain cover bolt (M8?28) | 7 | 18.6 ~ 22.5 | 1.9 ~ 2.3 | 13.7 ~ 16.6 |
Engine support bracket bolt (M8?30) | 1 | 19.6 ~ 24.5 | 2.0 ~ 2.5 | 14.5 ~ 18.1 |
Engine support bracket bolt (M10?40) | 1 | 39.2 ~ 44.1 | 4.0 ~ 4.5 | 28.9 ~ 32.5 |
Engine support bracket bolt (M10?45) | 2 | 39.2 ~ 44.1 | 4.0 ~ 4.5 | 28.9 ~ 32.5 |
Timing chain tensioner bolt | 2 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Timing chain tensioner arm bolt | 1 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Timing chain guide bolt | 3 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Timing chain oil jet bolt | 1 | 7.8 ~ 9.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.0 | 5.8 ~ 7.2 |
Cylinder head | ||||
Engine cover mounting bolt | 4 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Ignition coil bolt | 4 | 3.9 ~ 5.9 | 0.4 ~ 0.6 | 2.9 ~ 4.3 |
Cylinder head cover bolt | 20 | [3.9~5.9] + [7.8~9.8] | [0.4~0.6] + [0.8~1.0] | [2.9~4.3] + [5.8~7.2] |
High pressure fuel pipe nut | 2 | 26.5 ~ 32.4 | 2.7 ~ 3.3 | 19.5 ~ 23.9 |
High pressure fuel pump bolt | 2 | 12.7 ~ 14.7 | 1.3 ~ 1.5 | 9.4 ~ 10.8 |
High pressure fuel pump bracket bolt | 3 | 18.6 ~ 23.5 | 1.9 ~ 2.4 | 13.7 ~ 17.4 |
CVVT bolt (LH/RH) | 2 | 53.9 ~ 63.7 | 5.5 ~ 6.5 | 39.7 ~ 47.0 |
OTS (Oil tempereture sensor) | 1 | 19.6 ~ 39.2 | 2.0 ~ 4.0 | 14.5 ~ 28.9 |
Camshaft bearing cap bolt (M6) (LH/RH) | 16 | [5.9] + [10.8~12.7] | [0.6] + [1.1~1.3] | [4.3] + [8.0~9.4] |
Camshaft bearing cap bolt (M8) | 4 | [14.7] + [27.5 ~ 31.4] | [1.5] + [2.8~3.2] | [10.8] + [20.3~23.1] |
Cylinder head bolt | 10 | [32.4~36.3] + [90~95°] + [90~95°] | [3.3~3.7] + [90~95°] + [90~95°] | [23.9~26.8] + [90~95°] + [90~95°] |
Engine hanger bolt (Front/Rear) | 2 | 27.5 ~ 31.4 | 2.8 ~ 3.2 | 20.3 ~ 23.1 |
Camshaft position sensor (LH/RH) | 2 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Oil control valve (OCV) bolt (LH/RH) | 2 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Cylinder block | ||||
Tensioner assembly intergrated bracket bolt | 5 | 39.2 ~ 44.1 | 4.0 ~ 4.5 | 28.9 ~ 32.5 |
Drive plate bolt | 7 | 117.7 ~ 127.5 | 12.0 ~ 13.0 | 86.8 ~ 93.9 |
Oil filter bracket bolt | 4 | 21.6 ~ 26.5 | 2.2 ~ 2.7 | 15.9 ~ 19.5 |
Ladder frame bolt | 10 | [8.8~9.8] + [17.7~20.6] + [27.5~31.4] | [0.9~0.1] + [1.8~2.1] + [2.8~3.2] | [6.5~7.2] + [13.0~15.2] + [20.3~23.1] |
Connecting rod bearing cap bolt | 8 | [17.7~21.6] + [88~92°] | [1.8~2.2] + [88~92°] | [13.0~15.9] + [88~92°] |
Main bearing cap bolt | 10 | [14.7] + [27.5~31.4] + [120~125°] | [1.5] + [2.8~3.2] + [120~125°] | [10.8] + [20.3~23.1] + [120~125°] |
Piston cooling oil jet bolt | 4 | 24.5 ~ 29.4 | 2.5 ~ 3.0 | 18.1 ~ 21.7 |
Crankshaft position sensor | 1 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Crankshaft position sensor cover bolt | 2 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Knock sensor | 1 | 18.6 ~ 23.5 | 1.9 ~ 2.4 | 13.7 ~ 17.4 |
Lubrication system | ||||
Oil drain plug | 1 | 34.3 ~ 44.1 | 3.5 ~ 4.5 | 25.3 ~ 32.5 |
Oil filter | 1 | 11.8 ~ 15.7 | 1.2 ~ 1.6 | 8.7 ~ 11.6 |
Oil level gauge assembly bolt | 1 | 7.8 ~ 11.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.2 | 5.8 ~ 8.7 |
A/C compressor bracket bolt | 4 | 19.6 ~ 23.5 | 2.0 ~ 2.4 | 14.5 ~ 17.4 |
Oil pan bolt (M6) | 16 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Oil pan bolt (M9) | 2 | 30.4 ~ 34.3 | 3.1 ~ 3.5 | 22.4 ~ 25.3 |
BSM chain tensioner arm bolt | 1 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
BSM chain guide bolt | 2 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
BSM chain tensioner bolt | 2 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Blance shaft module (BSM) bolt (M9 X 181.5) | 4 | [22.6~26.5] + [88 ~ 92°] | [2.3~2.7] +[88 ~ 92°] | [16.6~19.5] + [88 ~ 92°] |
Balance shaft module (BSM) bolt (M9 X 95) | 2 | [22.6 ~ 26.5] + [43 ~ 47°] | [2.3 ~ 2.7] + [43 ~ 47°] | [16.6 ~ 19.5] + [43 ~ 47°] |
Oil pressure switch | 1 | 7.8 ~ 11.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.2 | 5.8 ~ 8.7 |
Cooling system | ||||
Water pump pulley bolt | 3 | 7.8 ~ 9.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.0 | 5.8 ~ 7.2 |
Water pump cover bolt | 5 | 18.6 ~ 23.5 | 1.9 ~ 2.4 | 13.7 ~ 17.4 |
Water pump sub assembly bolt | 5 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Water inlet fitting bolt | 3 | 7.8 ~ 11.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.2 | 5.8 ~ 8.7 |
Water temperature control assembly nut | 1 | 18.6 ~ 23.5 | 1.9 ~ 2.4 | 13.7 ~ 17.4 |
Water temperature control assembly bolt | 2 | 14.7 ~ 19.6 | 1.5 ~ 2.0 | 10.8 ~ 14.5 |
Water inlet pipe bolt | 1 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Intake and exhaust system | ||||
Air intake hose clamp bolt | 1 | 2.9 ~ 4.9 | 0.3 ~ 0.5 | 2.2 ~ 3.6 |
Air cleaner assembly bolt | 1 | 7.8 ~ 9.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.0 | 5.8 ~ 7.2 |
Electronic throttle control (ETC) module bolt | 4 | 9.8 ~ 11.8 | 1.0 ~ 1.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.7 |
Intake manifold stay bolt | 4 | 18.6 ~ 23.5 | 1.9 ~ 2.4 | 13.7 ~ 17.4 |
Intake manifold bolt | 3 | 18.6 ~ 23.5 | 1.9 ~ 2.4 | 13.7 ~ 17.4 |
Intake manifold nut | 2 | 18.6 ~ 23.5 | 1.9 ~ 2.4 | 13.7 ~ 17.4 |
Oxygen sensor (Front/Rear) | 2 | 39.2 ~49.0 | 4.0 ~ 5.0 | 28.9 ~ 36.2 |
Turbocharger oil drain pipe assembly bolt | 2 | 7.8 ~ 11.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.2 | 5.8 ~ 7.2 |
Turbocharger oil drain pipe assembly nut | 2 | 7.8 ~ 11.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.2 | 5.8 ~ 7.2 |
Turbocharger water hose bolt | 2 | 26.5 ~ 32.4 | 2.7 ~ 3.3 | 19.5 ~ 23.9 |
Turbocharger oil feed pipe & hose bolt | 2 | 7.8 ~ 11.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.2 | 5.8 ~ 8.7 |
Turbocharger oil feed pipe & hose eye bolt | 1 | 11.8 ~ 17.7 | 1.2 ~ 1.8 | 8.7 ~ 13.0 |
Turbo manifold module heat protector bolt | 6 | 7.8 ~ 11.8 | 0.8 ~ 1.2 | 5.8 ~ 8.7 |
Turbo manifold module stay bolt (M8) | 2 | 18.6 ~ 27.5 | 1.9 ~ 2.8 | 13.7 ~ 20.3 |
Turbo manifold module stay bolt (M10) | 2 | 49.0 ~ 53.9 | 5.0 ~ 5.5 | 36.2 ~ 39.7 |
Turbo manifold module nut | 9 | 49.0 ~ 53.9 | 5.0 ~ 5.5 | 36.2 ~ 39.7 |
Turbo adapter nut | 6 | 49.0 ~ 53.9 | 5.0 ~ 5.5 | 36.2 ~ 39.7 |
Catalytic converter / muffler nut | 8 | 39.2 ~ 58.8 | 4.0 ~ 6.0 | 28.9 ~ 43.4 |
Intercooler inlet pipe mounting bolt | 1 | 14.7 ~ 19.6 | 1.5 ~ 2.0 | 10.8 ~ 14.5 |
Intercooler hose clamp bolt | 3 | 4.9 ~ 6.9 | 0.5 ~ 0.7 | 3.6 ~ 5.1 |
Intercooler mounting bracket bolt | 2 | 3.9 ~ 5.9 | 0.4 ~ 0.6 | 2.9 ~ 4.3 |
Canister Close Valve (CCV): Description and Operation
Description
Canister Close Valve (CCV) is installed on the canister
ventilation line. It seals evaporative emission control system by
shutting the canister from the atmosphere when leakage dete ...
Front Impact Sensor (FIS): Description and Operation
Description
The front impact sensor (FIS) is installed in the Front End
Module (FEM). They are remote sensors that detect acceleration due to a
collision at its mounting location. The primary p ...